蘇作家具的形成和發(fā)展與當(dāng)時社會經(jīng)濟(jì)與文化的發(fā)展是分不開的。明、清時期,有“天堂”美譽(yù)的蘇州,是我國江南地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的中心,清代孫嘉淦《南游記》寫道:“閶門內(nèi)外,居貨山積,行人水流,列肆招牌,璨若云錦,語其繁華,都門不逮。”明清兩代,蘇州地區(qū)生產(chǎn)的絲織、刺繡、印染、紅雕漆器、琢玉、家具和桃花塢木版畫等,遐邇聞名。明張瀚《松窗夢語·百工紀(jì)》記載:“江南之侈,尤莫過于三吳……吳制器而美,以為非美弗珍也……四方貴吳,而吳益工于器。”文獻(xiàn)中所謂“三吳”,指蘇州與吳興、常州,以蘇州為首。所謂“制器”,自然包括家具制作。
明代蘇作家具的風(fēng)格,格調(diào)大方、簡練,造型優(yōu)美,線條流暢,比例適度,并且精于選材。蘇州與廣州、北京相比,硬質(zhì)木材來源不及它們充實,因此表現(xiàn)在家具制作上,用材精打細(xì)算。中國古代繪畫書法中有“惜墨如金”之說,蘇作家具也可以說做到了“惜木如金”的境界,如大件器具往往采用包鑲手法,雜木為骨,外貼優(yōu)質(zhì)硬木薄板;小件器具更是精心琢磨,小塊碎料拼接的構(gòu)件常見,雖然技術(shù)要求較高,且費(fèi)工費(fèi)時,但都能保持美觀,天衣無縫,其近乎鬼斧神工的工藝技巧,令人嘆為觀止。
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